2022
September
01
Thursday

Monitor Daily Podcast

September 01, 2022
Loading the player...

Economists don’t wear capes. But in an unconventional new book, Marian Tupy and Gale Pooley take on a villain familiar to fans of the Avengers movies: Thanos. The intergalactic warlord tried to kill half of all living beings because he feared that overpopulation would consume the universe’s finite resources. 

In “Superabundance,” the political economists cite Thanos as an example of the still-influential Malthusian idea that population growth will outpace the world’s ability to feed everyone. As a counterargument, they examine the trend lines of “time prices,” the length of time that a person has to work to earn enough money to buy something. In 1850, a factory worker had to work 2 hours and 50 minutes to buy a pound of sugar. In 2021, the same amount of sugar costs just 35 seconds of work.

“Commodities, but also food and even some services – certainly finished goods – are becoming more abundant every 20 years,” says Mr. Tupy, a senior fellow at the libertarian Cato Institute. “Every 1% increase in population reduces time prices of goods and services by 1%. And that tells you that, on average, every human being produces more than they consume.”

The idea that resources are becoming less scarce with increasing population is counterintuitive. There are a finite number of atoms on Earth, says Mr. Tupy, but ideas are infinite. A population of 8 billion will produce more groundbreaking innovations than the 14 million people who inhabited the world as late as 3000 B.C. There’s one other major difference between modern and ancient times: the spread of human cooperation and the ability to share knowledge. 

The two authors believe such innovation is the key to solving environmental problems, such as reducing trash. In the 1950s, for instance, it took 3 ounces of tin to produce a can of Coca-Cola. Now it’s half an ounce. 

How would Mr. Tupy respond to critics who argue that the perpetual growth of material goods is a poor definition of prosperity?

“The more time we have to spend at work, the less time we have on other things,” says Mr. Tupy. “Having the extra time to do other things is, in our view, a good measure of prosperity.”


You've read  of  free articles. Subscribe to continue.

Today’s stories

And why we wrote them

A deeper look

Howard LaFranchi/The Christian Science Monitor
Anastasiia Komarova and her daughter, Masha, a first grader, pose at Masha’s new school in Makariv, Ukraine, Sept. 1, 2022. The displaced family is from the Russian-speaking city of Kherson, and Masha has been learning Ukrainian to get ready for school.

“School safety” is a buzzword everywhere, more so in a country at war. Yet as Ukraine launches a new school year, the war has also sharpened a seriousness of purpose – among educators and students alike.

Taylor Luck
Suleiman, a sheep farmer in northern Jordan, fills up water containers for his flock at a spring that for generations has been used to water livestock, in Souf, Jordan, Aug. 24, 2022.

There’s drought, and then there’s Jordan. Lacking water all the time – their country is the second-most water-poor in the world – Jordanians rely on resourcefulness to cope with a lack of resources.

Monitor Breakfast

Labor unions are increasingly popular, have a friend in the White House, and see some signs of worker leverage in the job market. The AFL-CIO president says they still have a battle ahead to boost their ranks.

How do you tell history responsibly? Montpelier, the plantation owned by President James Madison, is expanding its focus to give more equal voice to the experience of workers once enslaved there – and to their descendants. 

Books

H.L. Meyers/Courtesy of Library of Congress
Journalist Nellie Bly was deeply concerned about social ills. Her six-part newspaper exposé “Ten Days in the Madhouse” ran in the New York World and cemented her reputation.

Persistence is needed to uncover wrongs and chart a course toward change. In the 19th century, a female reporter courageously put herself on the line to reveal the truth. 


The Monitor's View

AP
In Nairobi Aug. 31, Kenya's Supreme Court hears petitions challenging the result of a recent presidential election. Losing candidate Raila Odinga and others filed the petitions.

A current view of global trends is that the world is in a new rivalry between the United States and both China and Russia, complicated by a rise of so-called middle powers such as Turkey and India. This view also sees an erosion of free trade, international agreements, and democracy.

Yet a counternarrative is plain to see. From Africa to Afghanistan, individuals and local communities are pushing against repression and isolation, reflected in their aspirations for equality, economic opportunity, and compassion.

“Our hands are not empty,” Shahlla Arifi, a female activist in Afghanistan, told The Washington Post after a year of frequent protests by women against the Taliban’s newly restored repressive rule. “We exposed the Taliban’s faults. We showed the world their brutality.”

This drive for open, pluralistic societies may be flipping a long-standing script. During the Cold War and its three-decade aftermath, mature Western democracies sought to export their models of government. Now the civics lessons may be flowing the other way.

“As Africans, we should realize that it is our duty to stand with the people of America and Britain,” wrote Kenyan editorial cartoonist Patrick Gathara in Al Jazeera in July, “and to support their aspirations for democracy, accountability, and transparent government.”

A bit of cheek, perhaps, but he had a point. August elections in Kenya and Angola, for example, showed that judiciaries and election commissions are gaining independence and transparency at a time when those same democratic institutions are under attack in the U.S. Zambia tossed out an incumbent last year. In Senegal, the opposition fell just two seats short of a legislative majority in the July elections; that provides an important buffer for democracy at a time when President Macky Sall has hinted at seeking constitutional changes to prolong his power.

In each of those countries, challenges to election results have strengthened the rule of law by recognizing the legitimacy of courts rather than political violence.

“Africans express a stout preference for democracy,” noted Tiseke Kasambala, director of Africa programs at Freedom House, on the organization’s website. “Young people who yearn for reform are the continent’s biggest drivers of change. ... Social movements that successfully mobilized communities have played a critical role in keeping the continent’s civic space open.”

The threats to the world’s liberal order cannot be dismissed. But neither should the gains. They are reflected in the hard-won reproductive rights secured by women’s movements in Argentina and Colombia, and in the resolve of Ukrainians to protect their democracy from Russian aggression.

That kind of courage is a powerful rebuttal to despair or “democracy fatigue,” argues Henry Giroux, professor of cultural studies at McMaster University in Ontario. It shows that there is an “opening up [to] the possibilities of thinking in a different way so that one can act in defense of the common good, equality, social justice, and democratic ideals,” he told Slate.

For many established democracies now facing the strains of legitimacy, lessons for renewal can come from unlikely places. It just takes looking past the accepted narrative.


A Christian Science Perspective

About this feature

Each weekday, the Monitor includes one clearly labeled religious article offering spiritual insight on contemporary issues, including the news. The publication – in its various forms – is produced for anyone who cares about the progress of the human endeavor around the world and seeks news reported with compassion, intelligence, and an essentially constructive lens. For many, that caring has religious roots. For many, it does not. The Monitor has always embraced both audiences. The Monitor is owned by a church – The First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston – whose founder was concerned with both the state of the world and the quality of available news.

Worshipping God means fully honoring Deity as the only power. This author discovered that striving to honor God in her daily activities and in her approach to world issues provides practical solutions and healing inspiration.


A message of love

Jan Woitas/dpa/AP
Slackline professional Lukas Irmler balances above the Karl Marx Monument in Chemnitz in eastern Germany, Sept. 1, 2022. Around the monument, two highlines were stretched at a height of about 30 yards from the office building behind the monument to the 11th floor of a hotel high-rise opposite.
( The illustrations in today’s Monitor Daily are by Karen Norris and Jacob Turcotte. )

A look ahead

Thanks for spending time with our stories today. Tomorrow, we’ll examine the enduring appeal and legacy of the children’s book “Goodnight Moon.” The article will be accompanied by a special audio component. Until then, good night, dear reader.

More issues

2022
September
01
Thursday

Give us your feedback

We want to hear, did we miss an angle we should have covered? Should we come back to this topic? Or just give us a rating for this story. We want to hear from you.