The ICC announced an investigation against former President Laurent Gbagbo for crimes against humanity allegedly committed in the months-long standoff following a disputed Nov. 2010 election in which international observers say Mr. Gbagbo lost. Nearly 3,000 people were killed and more than 1 million displaced during the four month civil war, after Gbagbo refused to concede the elections to his rival Alessane Ouattara. The ICC has charged Gbagbo with murder, rape, and other forms of sexual violence committed by troops under his command.

Peter Dejong/Reuters/File
Ivory Coast's former president Laurent Gbagbo waits for the judges to arrive for his initial court appearance at the International Criminal Court in The Hague December 2011.