2023
March
21
Tuesday

Monitor Daily Podcast

March 21, 2023
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Four decades ago, a Maine fifth grader named Samantha Smith, who was worried about nuclear war, wrote a letter to Soviet leader Yuri Andropov.

Samantha burst into global headlines and the talk show circuit when Pravda printed her letter asking Mr. Andropov, “Why do you want to conquer the world or at least our country?”

Her P.S., in neat schoolgirl block letters – “Please write back” – eventually worked its charm: Mr. Andropov invited her on a free trip to the USSR to see that “everybody in the Soviet Union stands for peace and friendship among nations.”

I interviewed Samantha for the Monitor just before her July 1983 Soviet tour. Special interest groups – lobbying for dissidents and disarmament – courted Samantha for help. Critics – including those in the Reagan administration – framed her as a propaganda dupe for the “evil empire,” ridiculing the notion that a child could contribute to complex foreign relations.

But the propaganda backfired, as various studies concur, including three recent scholarly articles on Cold War citizen diplomacy, and a highly readable new biography of Samantha (who died in a plane crash in 1985).

We saw that “the Americans were possibly normal. And for many of us, it was like a new concept,” says Lena Nelson, author of “America’s Youngest Ambassador,” the new book. Ms. Nelson’s Soviet generation was smitten by the blue-eyed American: A grade schooler in northern Arkhangelsk at the time, Ms. Nelson – now an American citizen living in Southern California – kept a scrapbook about Samantha while her boy classmates had crushes on the young American.

Thumbing through that keepsake with me recently, Ms. Nelson described the “doom” she felt as a kid practicing gas mask drills and associating that with the American “enemy.” Samantha “forever altered” the American image and the gloomy sense of international isolation, she said. But the Ukraine war, she added, is retrograde isolation for her homeland: “I just didn’t think we’d get back to this.” 

Through the decades, wherever I set up shop – in San Francisco, Miami, Washington, Moscow, Boston – a yellowing newspaper photo of the 11-year-old Cold War citizen diplomat graced my desk, a reminder that earnest “soft power” is real. The paper crumbled into fragments last year around the start of the Ukraine war.

But the memory of Samantha’s bold innocence endures.


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Today’s stories

And why we wrote them

US Department of Defense/AP
This photo, taken from video released on March 16, 2023, shows what the Pentagon says is a Russian aircraft conducting an unsafe intercept of a U.S. Air Force surveillance drone in international airspace over the Black Sea. The downed drone is one of the latest incidents stirring tension between Russia and the NATO alliance.

While there’ve been no public declarations, NATO has quietly taken the step of putting its strategic headquarters on what military officials there describe as “war fighting” footing.

K.M. Chaudary/AP
Supporters of former Prime Minister Imran Khan dance outside his house in Lahore, Pakistan, on March 19, 2023. Police filed charges Sunday against scores of Khan supporters, accusing them of terrorism and other offenses after they clashed with security forces in Islamabad the previous day.

A violent standoff between supporters of former Prime Minister Imran Khan and Pakistani authorities has put pressure on the country’s legal system. What would justice look like to each side? 

The Explainer

As the culture wars drift further into the education realm, they’re spawning questions fundamentally tied to American democracy.

Aurel Obreja/AP
A woman bangs a pot during a protest against the pro-Western government and low living standards, in Chisinau, Moldova, March 12, 2023. The government and Western-aligned experts say that the protests are being drummed up by Russia in an effort to destabilize Moldova.

In Ukraine’s neighbor Moldova, the war is exacerbating old tensions as the country’s East-West divides bring protesters on to the streets.

Jacob Turcotte/Staff

Points of Progress

What's going right

In our progress roundup, the scale of change being pursued is wholly different – from a ban on hunters’ lead shot around wetlands, to a broad program to help save endangered pangolins. But modifying human behavior is key to both efforts.


The Monitor's View

Reuters
A worker from the Ukrainian State Emergency Services (right) helps carry the belongings of a resident of Kalynivka village that was being evacuated March 21 because of heavy fighting.

In anticipation of winning the war against Russia, Ukraine signed an agreement last week with the European Union to ensure it would use foreign money for postwar reconstruction with “transparency, accountability, and integrity.” It also promised to set up an “integrity support unit” that would teach best practices in good governance.

Ukraine has already made progress against corruption since a democratic revolution in 2014, mainly in detecting and punishing corrupt officials. Many public records, too, are digitized and open to the public. But can Ukraine now prevent corruption by training government workers to be impartial, fair, and honest?

In a recent visit to the capital, Kristalina Georgieva, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said Ukrainian authorities and the whole of society are “very determined” to fight corruption. Many of Ukraine’s cities have been designated as “integrity cities” for success against graft.

After the war began over a year ago, “people saw selflessness in others, began to trust more,” Yevhen Holovakha, director of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, told the news website zn.ua. One poll showed that trust in mass media has grown from 32% to 57%, in part because reporters are seen as crucial in uncovering graft. About 84% of Ukrainians are ready to report corruption compared with 44% before the war.

A culture of personal integrity, in other words, has risen in Ukraine, and now the government wants to promote more of it. Ukrainians are less fatalistic about petty bribery, says Mr. Holovakha. “We have become less of what disgusted us.”

Ukraine’s new emphasis on preventing corruption reflects a global trend to encourage public integrity rather than merely focus on catching the corrupt.

“There have been growing calls for a renewed focus on the central role of values, ethics and integrity in controlling corruption,” states a November 2022 report from Transparency International.

The report warns that legalistic, rules-based measures “do little to create a culture of integrity.” Such measures can also crowd out the intrinsic motivation of individuals to act ethically. Many countries as well as businesses try to encourage integrity by, for example, offering “dilemma training” that poses real-life problems to workers, who are then asked to talk about their moral reasoning. “Integrity is not simply the inverse of corruption but a more expansive concept” of what is right to do, the report states.

Ukraine is about to be a grand experiment in integrity education. Its people have already shown a unity and a grit admired by other countries. Soon it may be known for elevating other virtues that can safeguard a society.


A Christian Science Perspective

About this feature

Each weekday, the Monitor includes one clearly labeled religious article offering spiritual insight on contemporary issues, including the news. The publication – in its various forms – is produced for anyone who cares about the progress of the human endeavor around the world and seeks news reported with compassion, intelligence, and an essentially constructive lens. For many, that caring has religious roots. For many, it does not. The Monitor has always embraced both audiences. The Monitor is owned by a church – The First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston – whose founder was concerned with both the state of the world and the quality of available news.

Sometimes troubles can feel like a thick forest, obstructing our way forward; but turning to God, we find direction toward healing and progress.


Viewfinder

Alaa Al-Marjani/Reuters
Iraqi Kurds carry torches as they celebrate Nowruz Day, a festival marking the first day of spring and Persian New Year, in the town of Akre, Iraq, March 20, 2023.
( The illustrations in today’s Monitor Daily are by Jacob Turcotte. )

A look ahead

Thank you for joining us today. Please come back tomorrow when our correspondent Ned Temko explains how the traumatic lessons of the Iraq War – which began 20 years ago this week – have shaped every step in America’s involvement in Ukraine.

More issues

2023
March
21
Tuesday

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