Sanctuary cities see themselves as taking a stand for compassion and fairness. Advocates say the policy also lowers crime by building trust between Latinos and law enforcement. Some California officials are looking at what the evidence says.

Arab Muslims are often split along a Sunni-Shiite divide. We look at why there’s now a rare unity over a group of Asian Muslims, and ask: Will it make a difference?

In Iraq, mediators hope to draw on their experience in Tikrit to build a lasting peace in the city of Mosul. It won’t be easy. But they say there’s a credible path to postwar reconciliation.

You might call it a global experience gap. Students at US community colleges rarely spend a semester abroad. Here’s a look at one French program bridging that gap.

This next story is a portrait of an African nation trying to balance big, long-term investments in energy self-reliance – with short-term economic fairness to the nation’s poorest.

German security officials are scratching their heads. They have yet to see a serious attempt by Russia to meddle in the country’s Sept. 24 election. What’s changed, they ask, since the recent American and French elections when Russia was accused of disseminating fake news, leaking negative information, or trying to tamper with election machinery?

One change may be that Russia now knows that voters in the West have wised up to its tactics and more firmly embrace the essentials of democracy, such as the need to discern the truth in political campaigns and to safeguard the integrity of the voting process. News media in Germany as well as global social media giants are on guard to challenge false information and hate speech. Election officials are tightening up their computer systems. And counterintelligence agencies are better equipped to detect the origins of any threat to the German election.

Rather than simply fearing foreign meddling, Western countries are providing a protective shield for the basic freedoms and necessary mechanics of their democracies. Germany has learned much from the 2016 election in the United States and the French election last spring. But it also experienced Russian hacking of Germany’s parliament, the Bundestag, in a 2015 cyberattack. Another attack was attempted in 2016 on the country’s two leading parties. And officials are alert to right-wing hate groups in Germany that seem to mimic Russian propaganda.

It helps that the parliamentary elections in Germany are less divisive than the presidential elections in France and the US. And polls show Angela Merkel easily winning another term as chancellor. Perhaps Russia sees any meddling as pointless. It might even backfire and harm its diplomatic goals in the rest of the world.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has also learned that Germany will stand up to his attempts to challenge the West, such as in Ukraine. With the US reducing its role in the world and Britain splitting from the European Union, Germany has slowly taken on the mantle of a global leader, especially on issues such as climate change and refugees. Ms. Merkel has called on Germans to be a “force for freedom.”

Her immediate task, however, is to ensure Germans enjoy a free and fair election. After what they’ve seen in the US and France, they are more demanding in protecting their democracy.