2021
February
05
Friday

Monitor Daily Podcast

February 05, 2021
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Mark Sappenfield
Senior global correspondent

Who invented numbers? Of course, that’s not a real question. No one invented the number 43. But someone did invent how we write it, and that story is getting a little more attention, partly because it isn’t so well known in the West.

This year is the 850th anniversary of the Italian mathematician Fibonacci, but arguably his greatest contribution to Western mathematics was his use of a numbering system and mathematical concepts he brought back from a visit to the Arab world. 

In Fibonacci’s day, the West was still laboring with Roman numerals, which made advanced mathematics excessively cumbersome. But there was a different way. A library in Baghdad known as the House of Wisdom was “the birthplace of mathematical concepts as transformative as the common zero and our modern-day ‘Arabic’ numerals,” the BBC writes. One of its head librarians, Al-Khwarizmi, pioneered algebra, and his work captivated Fibonacci. (The word “algorithm” comes from his name.)

At a time when the West is digging deeper into the extraordinary discoveries of other cultures – and how they can be often overlooked – the House of Wisdom is a towering human achievement. The BBC adds: “The discoveries made there introduced a powerful, abstract mathematical language that would later be adopted by the Islamic empire, Europe, and ultimately, the entire world.”


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Today’s stories

And why we wrote them

Courtesy of Geidy Portocarrero
Geidy Portocarrero reunites with her mother on Dec. 8, 2019 in Peru, the first time the two had seen each other in nine years. Ms. Portocarrero, who was one of millions of 'Dreamers' brought to the U.S. as children, moved to Canada in 2011 to pursue higher education. She could see her mother only once her mother moved back to Peru.

The American Dream is founded on the promise of opportunity and success. But some so-called Dreamers who were brought as minors to the U.S. are finding opportunity and success only by leaving.

President Joe Biden repeatedly talks about establishing an American foreign policy based on values. What does he mean by that? Look at what he just did on Yemen.

It's important to remember that not everything about the pandemic effort has been a failure. A growing number of grassroots moves are showing what nimbler future responses might look like.

Lolita Baldor/AP/File
Female Marines go through one of the obstacles in the so-called confidence course at Parris Island Recruit Depot, South Carolina, on May 27, 2020. The Marine Corps has struggled to integrate women into all-male combat units.

The Marine Corps has been a laggard on gender integration in combat units. Its attachment to traditions at its bootcamp in South Carolina may be at odds with its commitment to integration.

Frank Franklin II/AP/File
Tamara Jackson teaches a fitness class through Zoom, April 25, 2020, in New York. In the state, gyms and health clubs employ tens of thousands of people, and more than 4 million residents visit gyms, according to industry association statistics.

How is the pandemic helping people think differently about where and how they connect with people and pastimes? For some, it’s an exercise in problem-solving.


The Monitor's View

Courtesy of Laily Rachev/Indonesia's Presidential Palace/Handout via REUTERS
Indonesian President Joko Widodo (r) greets Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin in Jakarta, Indonesia, Feb. 5.

Worldwide, fewer than 1 in 10 people live in a full democracy. In fact, largely as a result of COVID-19 restrictions, last year saw the biggest rollback of individual freedoms ever undertaken by governments during peacetime, according to the Democracy Index. And now a military coup against an elected government in Myanmar has only worsened the trend. What can existing democracies do about it?

That’s exactly what Indonesia and Malaysia, two of Myanmar’s neighbors, asked on Friday. Their top leaders requested an urgent meeting of the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to address Myanmar’s “backward” step on democracy.

“We fear the political unrest in Myanmar could disturb the security and stability in this region,” said Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin in a meeting with his Indonesian counterpart.

For his part, Indonesian President Joko Widodo said, “It is important for all of us to respect the ASEAN Charter, particularly rule of law, good governance, democracy, human rights, and constitutional government.”

As a regional grouping, ASEAN itself is unlikely to act against one of its members. Six of the 10 countries – Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam – have authoritarian regimes. Yet in the past, its democratic members, especially Indonesia, have used Asian-style consensus-making – dubbed “enhanced interaction” – to bring democratic change in Myanmar. In 2012, its military rulers allowed ASEAN election observers to monitor parliamentary elections.

“While ASEAN may work on the principle of consensus, ASEAN also works on the principle of peer pressure, and peer pressure can be very effective,” said George Yeo, Singapore’s former foreign minister, a decade ago.

Other regional groupings, such as those in Latin America, Europe, and Africa, have also found neighborly nudging to be effective. Nations in proximity to one another and often with shared history may carry more moral weight in holding dictators accountable than global institutions. The African Union, for example, helped mediate a democratic transition in Sudan in 2019.

Brunei, a small sultanate that is ASEAN’s current chair, has yet to call a meeting over the Myanmar crisis. Yet it did cite the ASEAN Charter’s democratic principles in asking for dialogue in the country. Geographic neighbors not only watch each other, but they can also watch out for each other.


A Christian Science Perspective

About this feature

Each weekday, the Monitor includes one clearly labeled religious article offering spiritual insight on contemporary issues, including the news. The publication – in its various forms – is produced for anyone who cares about the progress of the human endeavor around the world and seeks news reported with compassion, intelligence, and an essentially constructive lens. For many, that caring has religious roots. For many, it does not. The Monitor has always embraced both audiences. The Monitor is owned by a church – The First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston – whose founder was concerned with both the state of the world and the quality of available news.

Recognizing that we all have a God-given purpose and an inherent capacity to live that purpose frees us from envy and self-righteousness that hinder one’s joy and potential in life.


A message of love

Sean McKeag/The Citizens' Voice/AP
Isabella Pichardo (left) hides in a snow fort as her sister Isaray Pichardo tries to tear it down in front of their residence in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Feb. 2, 2021. Winter weather brings with it a certain set of rituals, both communal and private. Snowball fights, polar plunges, and the joy and boredom of snow days are all hallmarks of cold weather. So too are the quiet walks through fresh, untrodden snow, and the sense of wonder that springs from looking out the window as flurries swirl.The season’s magic is unmistakable. Even the dreariest neighborhood transforms into a wonderland after an ice storm, and a cup of hot chocolate never tastes better than when it comes after shoveling a neighbor’s driveway. – Nick Roll / Staff writer
( The illustrations in today’s Monitor Daily are by Karen Norris. )

A look ahead

Thank you for joining us today. Please come back next week when, ahead of the Senate impeachment trial, we look at why so many of the political fights today center on a different view of a single question: What is acceptable speech?

More issues

2021
February
05
Friday

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